Outline
The invention relates to a polymeric indicator fixed in a polymeric gel carrier, wherein the polymeric gel carrier comprises a hydrophilic polymer, wherein the polymeric indicator and the hydrophilic polymer are present together in the form of a combined cross-linked hydrogel network fixed by chemical bonds. The invention further relates to a method for preparing a polymeric indicator fixed in a polymeric gel carrier and to a sensor for measuring pH, which comprises the polymeric indicator fixed in a polymeric gel carrier.

Outline
The method of the subject matter innovation is used for detecting leaks in pipelines carrying a flowing medium. During the process, the volume flow of the flowing medium is started to be measured at the starting point of the pipe network; examining whether the measured volume flow is greater than a predetermined detection threshold; if the measured flow rate is greater than the detection threshold, the reception time is measured; if the reception time exceeds a predetermined maximum time interval, detecting a leak is recorded and optionally an alarm signal (R1) is generated; in all other cases the operation is considered to be normal. Apparatus for performing the above method comprises a flow meter (1) having a digital output signal and a microprocessor control unit (3) connected to its output. The control unit (3) comprises a sampling unit (3.1) connected with one input to the output of the flow meter (1) and with another input to a signal corresponding to a given lower consumption threshold (Qmin), the output of which is connected to one of the inputs of a timing unit (3.2). The other input of the timing unit (3.2) is connected to a preset signal corresponding to the maximum reception time (t) and its output is connected to the input of an error generating unit (3.3), one output of which is optionally connected to an alarm unit (3.4).

Outline
The efficiency of embryo implantation is surprisingly low in humans. This can either be attributed to the high rate of chromosomally abnormal embryos, or to uterine factors, if the embryo is chromosomally normal. Enormous efforts have been devoted to finding the appropriate method to identify the competent embryo, still those are either invasive, or non-objective/non-effective, or the combination of them. The invention which relates to a non-invasive, simple, inexpensive, quick method to assess embryo competence in vitro by detecting nucleic acid-containing extracellular vesicles in the culture medium of the embryo promotes finding solution for the abovementioned problems.

Outline
Mass spectrometric ionization methods have traditionally been developed to study molecules present in the gas phase. A major disadvantage of gas phase ionization methods is that they do not allow the study of non-evaporable materials. Examples of such compounds are proteins, peptides, carbohydrates, nucleic acids. The invention is based on the recognition that a sufficiently high velocity jet of liquid carries sufficient energy to tear particles out of the test surface, thus also providing the possibility of depth analysis, which is also suitable for in vivo experiments. The present invention relates to a process for the conversion and analysis of certain components of condensed phase materials into gaseous ions, in which ions or ionizable particles are extracted from the material to be analyzed with an analytical beam from at least one sampling unit and analyzed in an analyzer. A liquid jet as being the analytical beam is used for this process, so that the liquid is evaporated from the droplets formed at the junction of the liquid jet and the substance to be analyzed. For analytical purposes, either the liquid droplets themselves, or the particles obtained by evaporating the liquid are ionized before analysis. The invention further relates to the means for converting certain components of condensed phase samples to gaseous ions and to the means for converting certain components of condensed phase samples to gaseous ions suitable for forming a cavity in the sample or cutting the sample.

Outline
The field of extracellular vesicles (EVs) currently attracts substantial attention in biomedicine due to the proposed role of EVs in various biological processes and their potential of serving as biomarkers for diseases. However, the availability of approaches for reliable and reproducible standardised quantification of EVs is limited. Therefore, current interest in EV research urges reliable tools of standardization and accurate enumeration of EVs, preferably on the basis of lipid quantification. By definition, EVs are surrounded by phospholipid bilayers, therefore, lipids (such as phospholipids and cholesterol) are essential components of all EVs. The method of the invention avoids the overestimation of EV concentration based on the protein measurement, as it focuses on the defining component of EVs, the lipid bilayer. Our method can be used virtually in any standard laboratories where a fume hood, a thermoblock, and a spectrophotometer are available. The application does not require expensive equipment, therefore it can be an easy, reliable and quick method for quantification of EVs and standardisation of EV experiments.

Outline
The present invention relates to an apparatus and a measuring arrangement for trapping flying soil material. The negative consequence of soil erosion due to wind deflation is not only a soil protection problem, but also an economic and environmental one due to nutrient loss, and also raises human health concerns due to inhaled small floating particles. The object of the invention is to provide a measuring arrangement for a portable trapping device, by means of which the soil loss due to wind events can be estimated much more accurately.

Outline
The invention relates to a photoacoustic method for determining a non-hydrocarbon component of methane containing gas mixtures. The essential feature of the method is that the photoacoustic absorption spectrum of the gas mixture is recorded in an adequately chosen wavelength range under continuous gas flow then this spectrum is used together with a photoacoustic signal delivered by a reference chamber (3) filled with a gas of defined properties to determine the concentration of the given component in the gas mixture.